On January 1, 1997 a new Criminal Code has been enacted in Russia. We have identified seven articles in three different chapters related to intellectual property protection and technology transfer.

• Article 146 Violation of copyright and related rights
• Article 147 Violation of invention and patent rights
• Article 180 Illegal use of a trademark
• Article 183 Illegal obtaining and disclosure of data, comprising commercial or bank secret

• Article 189 Illegal export of technologies, science and technology information and services used in development of weapons of mass distruction, armaments and military technology

• Article 272 Illegal access to the computer information
• Article 283 Disclosure of the State Secret